The Frenchwoman made the announcement after losing 3-6, 6-4, 6-1 to Simona Halep in the second round of the Western & Southern Open in Cincinnati.
Bartoli, who beat Sabine Lisicki in the final at the All England Club last month to claim her first grand slam title, said in quotes reported on wtatennis.com: "That was actually the last match of my career. Sorry.
"It's time for me to retire and call it a career. I feel it's time for me to walk away actually."
Bartoli blamed a succession of injuries for her decision to call it a day - citing in particular an Achilles problem which was troubling her on the hardcourts.
"My body just can't do it anymore," she said. "I've already been through a lot of injuries since the beginning of the year. I've been on the tour for so long, and I really pushed through and left it all during that Wimbledon.
Bit of a surprise, but I guess there's something to be said for a 'quitting while you are ahead' thing, especially if you don't feel you are ever likely to be able to equal what you have just achieved because of injury.
A liberal’s disagreement with a socialist or social democrat comes down to this: we both seek equality, but the only equality a liberal thinks is worth striving for is an equality of freedom. A liberal’s disagreement with conservatives comes down to this: we both seek freedom, but a liberal believes no one can achieve it alone. There is such a thing as society, and government’s purpose is to shape a society in which individual freedom can flourish. (Michael Ignatieff)